Air superiority planes are fighters designed primarily to shoot down other any aircraft.
e.g. the F-22
e.g. the F-22
Interceptor planes are designed primarily to destroy incoming enemy bombers and reconnaissance/surveillan
Attack planes are designed primarily to destroy ground targets like tanks, bunkers, or structures.
e.g. the A-10
Multi-role planes are designed to be competent at both the air superiority and attack roles.
e.g. the F/A-18